Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals under Theory X?

Individuals described by Theory X tend to have specific characteristics that reflect a more pessimistic view of human nature. According to this theory, workers are often seen as needing to be closely supervised and controlled, as they may not be self-motivated or willing to take initiative on their own.

Seeking security is a common trait in Theory X individuals; they typically value job stability and may prefer structured environments. Additionally, they tend to prefer being directed, as they may lack the inner drive to self-manage or strategize independently. These individuals are generally perceived as having little ambition and a disinterest in personal growth or advancement, reinforcing the idea that they are primarily motivated by the need for security and clear direction.

In contrast, the characteristic of showing initiative is not aligned with the Theory X framework. Individuals who exhibit initiative are more inclined to seek out opportunities, take responsibility for their work, and make decisions independently. This trait aligns more closely with Theory Y, which proposes a more optimistic view of individuals as being self-motivated and capable of contributing to their organization without constant supervision.

Thus, the answer identified – that showing initiative is not a characteristic of Theory X individuals – is accurate because it highlights a key distinction between Theory X and Theory Y in understanding employee