Which of the following describes the four basic leadership styles in Likert's model?

The identification of the leadership styles in Likert's model is centered around a framework that extends from authoritarian to participative approaches. The correct choice outlines the four specific styles that reflect variations in management philosophy and employee involvement.

In Likert's model, the styles are as follows:

1. Exploitive-authoritative: This style is characterized by a top-down approach where the leader exerts absolute control over decisions, with minimal input or regard for employee feelings or suggestions.

2. Benevolent-authoritative: While slightly less extreme than the first, this style still maintains a strong hierarchical structure. The leader plays a paternalistic role, making decisions but attempting to secure employee goodwill through some degree of care or consideration.

3. Consultative: This style represents a significant shift towards involving employees in the decision-making process. Leaders solicit feedback and input from team members but ultimately retain the authority to make final decisions.

4. Participative: This is the most democratic style, emphasizing collaboration and shared decision-making between leaders and their teams. Employees are actively involved in determining the direction and decisions of the organization.

This description highlights the evolution from authoritative to more collaborative leadership, which is central to understanding how leadership can impact organizational culture and effectiveness.