What is a common trait of individuals described under Theory X?

Individuals described under Theory X typically exhibit a preference for being directed, which stems from the belief that most people have an aversion to work and are generally lazy. This theory, developed by Douglas McGregor, suggests that employees require supervision and control to function effectively because they tend to avoid responsibility and lack motivation to engage in their tasks willingly. As a result, a central aspect of Theory X management is the assumption that close supervision and clear directives are necessary to ensure that work is completed.

This preference for direction aligns with a deterministic view of human behavior in the workplace, where individuals are seen as needing guidance and structure provided by management. The other traits listed, such as high ambition, desire for responsibility, and strong leadership skills, are not characteristics associated with Theory X but rather suggest a more engaged and self-motivated approach to work, which aligns more closely with Theory Y.